Neural oscillations in EEG and MEG have been studied for decades, yet their critical role in modulating brain dynamics in health and disease has only come to light recently. For example, while the alpha rhythm has been observed from the early days EEG was recorded, the critical role it plays in suppressing distracting inputs and allocating resources to various regions depending on task demand is a hotly pursued topic. We are currently pursuing changes in the alpha rhythm in temporal lobe epilepsy as well as the effect of anti-epileptic drugs on this rhythm. We have also studied the role of theta oscillations in relational memory function and spatial navigation in the healthy brain and are currently investigating changes in the theta rhythm in temporal lobe epilepsy and how it correlates with clinical measures.